Gaokao (Digital Subjects)

Ministry of Education

Complete guide to passing the Gaokao (Digital Subjects) exam on your first attempt.

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Key Information at a Glance
Cost

~¥100 (~$14)

Pass Rate

~80% enter some university

Validity

Annual exam

Region

China

Provider

Ministry of Education

Salary Impact

University admission

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Complete Overview

The Gaokao is China's National College Entrance Examination, the single sitting that decides university admission for school leavers across the country, and the Ministry of Education reported 12.9 million registered candidates for 2026, a fall of 450,000 on the previous year. Fees are set province by province and are small relative to the stakes: Shandong charged 155 yuan for the three nationally set subjects with the provincial selective subjects free, Hubei charged 35 yuan per subject across all six, and Heilongjiang charged a flat 150 yuan registration and examination fee. The 2026 papers opened on 7 June and ran to 9 or 10 June depending on the province. Most provinces now use the 3+1+2 structure and no longer split candidates into arts and science streams. The 3 is the nationally set core: Chinese, Mathematics and a foreign language, each marked out of 150. Candidates choose the foreign language from English, Russian, Japanese, French, German and Spanish. The 1 is a first-choice subject, either Physics or History, marked out of 100. The 2 is a pair chosen from politics, geography, chemistry and biology, each marked out of 100. Total: 750 marks. Timings are fixed nationally for the core and matched provincially for the rest. Chinese runs 150 minutes, Mathematics and the foreign language 120 minutes each, and every selective subject 75 minutes, which is 615 minutes of examination in total. Two different scoring rules apply inside the same total, and candidates routinely misunderstand this. Chinese, Mathematics, the foreign language and the first-choice Physics or History paper are counted at raw marks. The two re-selected subjects are not. Their raw marks are never published. Provincial examination authorities rank every candidate in that subject, split the cohort into five grades at roughly 15, 35, 35, 13 and 2 percent, then map each grade proportionally onto the bands 100 to 86, 85 to 71, 70 to 56, 55 to 41 and 40 to 30. A raw 62 in chemistry becomes whatever the conversion says it becomes, and the floor is 30 rather than zero. The digital components are real and growing, and they sit outside the June papers. Beijing runs its English listening and speaking test entirely on computer, twice per admission cycle: for the 2026 Gaokao the first sitting was 13 December 2025 and the second 21 March 2026. It is marked out of 50, the better of the two attempts counts, and a candidate who scores full marks first time does not sit again. Guangdong has run a computer-based English listening and speaking test since 2011, sat in March, marked out of 60 raw and divided by three to give 20 marks that join a 130-mark written paper. Guangdong published its 2026 listening and speaking results on 13 April. Security is digital too: the Ministry of Education said it upgraded smart security gates for 2026 to raise detection rates for phones and smart glasses, and pushed intelligent invigilation and inspection at standardised examination centres. Results and cut-off lines arrive together in late June. Shanghai published on 23 June 2026, Guangdong on 24 June, and Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi and Shandong on 25 June. Provinces release the batch admission control lines and the one-point-one-rank table at the same moment, which is what candidates actually use to choose universities. A Gaokao score does not carry forward. Shanxi states plainly that results are valid only for the year in which they are earned.

Why Get Gaokao (Digital Subjects) Certified?

The Ministry of Education recorded 12.9 million registered candidates for the 2026 Gaokao, down 450,000 on 2025, which makes it the largest single examination cohort in the world.

The total is 750 marks: 150 each for Chinese, Mathematics and the foreign language, and 100 each for the three selective subjects.

Only two of the six subjects are converted rather than counted raw, and the conversion floor is 30 marks, so a very weak re-selected subject still contributes 30 of its 100 marks.

Provincial fees are low against the outcome: Hubei charged 35 yuan per subject for the national and selective papers, and halved it for candidates receiving national student grants.

The National Bureau of Statistics put the 2025 average annual wage in urban non-private units at 129,441 yuan overall but 248,752 yuan in information transmission, software and information technology services, and university entry is the gate to that sector.

The exam runs once a year over three or four days starting 7 June, and a score is valid only for that year's admission cycle, so there is no banking a good result.

Digital components already carry real marks: 50 of Beijing's English total and 20 of Guangdong's are decided at a computer months before the June papers open.

Exam Format & Structure

Duration

615 minutes across three or four days. Chinese 150 minutes, Mathematics 120 minutes, foreign language 120 minutes including the listening component, and each of the three selective subjects 75 minutes. Papers begin 7 June and finish on 9 or 10 June depending on the province.

Questions

The Ministry of Education does not publish a fixed question count per paper, and counts vary by paper and by year. Papers are defined by their mark totals: 150 for each of the three nationally set subjects and 100 for each of the three selective subjects.

Passing Score

There is no pass mark. Provinces publish batch admission control lines after marking, and each university and programme sets its own admission line above that. A candidate's position on the province-wide one-point-one-rank table matters more than the raw total, because it shows how many candidates share or beat that score.

Question Types

  • Multiple choice and objective items across all six subjects
  • Fill in the blank and short calculation, heavily used in Mathematics, physics and chemistry
  • Extended problem solving with worked steps in Mathematics and the sciences
  • Reading comprehension and classical Chinese passages in the Chinese paper
  • A long composition in the Chinese paper
  • Computer-delivered listening and speaking items in Beijing and Guangdong, answered through headset, microphone, mouse and keyboard

Delivery Method

Paper-based written examinations at standardised provincial examination centres, with the exception of the computer-delivered English listening and speaking tests in Beijing and Guangdong. The Ministry of Education said it upgraded smart security gates for 2026 to improve detection of phones and smart glasses, tightened entry screening, and expanded intelligent invigilation and inspection.

  • Structure: The 3+1+2 model. 3 nationally set subjects (Chinese, Mathematics, foreign language) at 150 marks each; 1 first-choice subject from Physics or History at 100 marks; 2 re-selected subjects from politics, geography, chemistry and biology at 100 marks each. National papers are set by the Ministry of Education; selective subject papers are set by the province.
  • Digital Components: Beijing's English listening and speaking test is fully computer-delivered, offered twice per cycle (13 December 2025 and 21 March 2026 for the 2026 Gaokao), marked out of 50, with the better attempt counted. Guangdong has used computer-based English listening and speaking since 2011, marked out of 60 raw and divided by three to give 20 marks alongside a 130-mark written paper, with 2026 results released on 13 April.

How scoring works

Score scale

750 total marks. Chinese, Mathematics and the foreign language are marked out of 150 each; the first-choice Physics or History paper and the two re-selected subjects out of 100 each. The two re-selected subjects are reported only as converted grade marks on a 30 to 100 scale.

Score needed to pass

No fixed pass mark. Each province publishes batch admission control lines after marking, and each university and programme sets its own admission line. Position on the provincial one-point-one-rank table is the operative measure rather than the raw total.

Roughly what that means raw

Only for the converted subjects, and only as a band. A raw mark landing in the top 15 percent of a subject's cohort converts into 86 to 100; the next 35 percent into 71 to 85; the next 35 percent into 56 to 70; the next 13 percent into 41 to 55; and the bottom 2 percent into 30 to 40. Provinces do not publish the raw marks behind these bands at all.

When results arrive

There is no on-the-day score. Marking runs through mid-June and provinces release results in a cluster in late June: Shanghai on 23 June 2026, Guangdong on 24 June, and Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi and Shandong on 25 June. Batch admission control lines and the one-point-one-rank table are published at the same time. The Beijing and Guangdong computer-based English listening and speaking results arrive far earlier, with Guangdong releasing its 2026 results on 13 April.

How the scale is built

Four of the six subjects are counted at raw marks: Chinese, Mathematics, the foreign language and the first-choice Physics or History paper. The two re-selected subjects are equated by rank-based grade conversion. Candidates in each subject are ranked, divided into grades A to E at roughly 15, 35, 35, 13 and 2 percent, and mapped proportionally to 100 to 86, 85 to 71, 70 to 56, 55 to 41 and 40 to 30. Scoring is fully compensatory across the 750 and nothing is deducted for a wrong answer.

Pacing and time budget

Not published questions in 615 minutes gives you About 49 seconds per mark. 615 minutes across 750 marks. The Ministry of Education does not publish a fixed question count per paper, so pace by marks rather than by items. per question.

100 of 150 (Chinese)

All reading and language application sections closed out, leaving 50 minutes for the composition, which is the largest single mark block in the paper.

60 of 120 (Mathematics)

All objective and fill-in items plus the first extended problem, leaving 60 minutes for the remaining extended problems where the analytic geometry and derivative questions sit.

90 of 120 (Foreign language)

Listening and reading complete, leaving 30 minutes for the writing tasks.

40 of 75 (First-choice subject)

Slightly over half the marks, since this paper is counted raw and the extended questions at the back are worth the most.

60 of 75 (Each re-selected subject)

Every question attempted at least once, since there is no penalty for a wrong answer and every raw mark moves you up the ranking that drives the conversion.

  • Chinese is the paper where pacing decides the grade. The composition carries the biggest mark block and cannot be rescued in the last ten minutes, so set the checkpoint at 100 minutes and enforce it in every practice run.
  • The two re-selected subjects are ranked, not scored absolutely. Leaving a question blank does not just cost that question's marks, it costs your position in a cohort where grade bands are only a few percentage points wide.
  • The 3-minute-per-4-marks arithmetic is a floor rather than a target. Objective items should run well under it so extended questions can run well over it.
  • Papers are spread over three or four days from 7 June, so recovery between sessions is part of the pacing problem. Treat each of the six papers as its own event with its own clock.
  • If your province runs a computer-delivered listening and speaking test, that clock is set by the software and cannot be redistributed. Rehearse on the actual interface until the response window no longer surprises you.

Where the marks are

Chinese

20% (150 of 750 marks)

The longest paper at 150 minutes, counted at raw marks, with the composition carrying the largest single mark block anywhere in the examination and the recitation passages offering the cheapest marks.

Mathematics

20% (150 of 750 marks)

Counted raw and identical for every candidate now that provinces have dropped the arts and science split. Extended questions on derivatives and analytic geometry carry the marks that separate the top bands.

Foreign language

20% (150 of 750 marks)

Counted raw, with the listening treatment varying by province, and with 50 marks in Beijing or 20 in Guangdong decided months earlier at a computer rather than in the June session.

First-choice subject: Physics or History

13.33% (100 of 750 marks)

The only 100-mark selective paper counted at raw marks, and the choice that determines both which degree programmes are open to you and which cohort you are ranked against.

Re-selected subject, first of the pair

13.33% (100 of 750 marks)

Converted rather than counted, on a rank-based scale with a floor of 30. Improving means beating the cohort in that specific subject rather than reaching an absolute raw score.

Re-selected subject, second of the pair

13.33% (100 of 750 marks)

Same conversion, same floor, same relative logic. Some provinces convert the subject as one pool regardless of first-choice stream, which Inner Mongolia states explicitly.

Computer-delivered English listening and speaking

50 marks of the Beijing English total; 20 marks of the Guangdong English total

Delivered through headset, microphone, mouse and keyboard, scored automatically, and sat in December or March. Beijing counts the better of two attempts, so the December sitting is a free extra chance most candidates should take.

The numbers

12.9 million, down 450,000 on 2025

Registered candidates, 2026 Gaokao

Source: Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, announcement carried on moe.gov.cn, 4 June 2026

More than 14,000, with braille papers produced specifically for blind candidates

Candidates with disabilities receiving accommodations, 2026

Source: Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, announcement carried on moe.gov.cn, 4 June 2026

Grades A to E at roughly 15%, 35%, 35%, 13% and 2%, mapped to 100-86, 85-71, 70-56, 55-41 and 40-30

Grade conversion bands for re-selected subjects

Source: Sichuan Provincial Educational Examinations Institute (sceea.cn) and Henan Educational Examinations Authority (haeea.cn) policy explanations

155 yuan for the three nationally set subjects; the provincial selective subject papers carry no fee

Examination fee, Shandong 2026

Source: Shandong Provincial Education Admissions Examination Authority notice, 13 April 2026 (sdzk.cn)

35 yuan per subject for the national and selective papers, halved for final-year students receiving national student grants

Examination fee, Hubei 2026

Source: Hubei Provincial Education Examinations Authority, 2026 registration notice (hbea.edu.cn)

129,441 yuan overall; 248,752 yuan in information transmission, software and information technology services; 71,590 yuan in urban private units

Average annual wage in urban non-private units, 2025

Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2025 average wage release, 15 May 2026 (stats.gov.cn)

If you fail

Wait before retaking

One year. The Gaokao is held once annually, starting 7 June, so there is no shorter window. Past-year candidates register through their provincial examination authority in the autumn on the same schedule as final-year students.

Attempt limit

No national cap on the number of attempts. Registration is barred, however, for anyone currently enrolled in a higher education programme, anyone already admitted with a place held open, non-final-year upper secondary students outside approved young talent programmes, and anyone inside a suspension period imposed for violating national education examination rules.

Retake fee

The full provincial fee again, with no repeat-candidate discount: 155 yuan in Shandong for the three national subjects, 35 yuan per subject in Hubei, 150 yuan flat in Heilongjiang. Provinces also impose their own registration-location rules on past-year candidates. Hubei requires them to register in their place of household registration in principle, with written application and approval needed to register elsewhere.

Nothing carries forward. Shanxi states that examination results are valid only for the year in which they are taken, so a retake is a complete restart rather than an improvement of specific subjects. Subject combination can be changed for the new attempt, but the same rules apply: exactly one of Physics and History, exactly two from politics, geography, chemistry and biology, fixed once the selection window closes. Candidates who want a result reconsidered rather than resat should use the provincial score review procedure instead, applied for within the published window after results, noting that for the four grade-converted subjects the review returns only the converted mark because raw marks are never published.

Exam Domains & Topics

Chinese
20% (150 of 750 marks)

The longest paper at 150 minutes and set nationally by the Ministry of Education. Counted at raw marks with no conversion. The composition alone typically carries the largest single mark block in the whole examination.

Key Topics to Master:

  • Modern text reading, including informational and literary passages
  • Classical Chinese reading, translation and sentence parsing
  • Classical poetry appreciation and required recitation passages
  • Language application: idiom use, sentence correction, rhetoric and coherence
  • The long composition, written to a supplied prompt or material
  • Time management across a 150-minute paper where the composition must not be reached with 20 minutes left
Mathematics
20% (150 of 750 marks)

120 minutes, nationally set, counted at raw marks. Since the removal of the arts and science split in provinces using 3+1+2, all candidates sit the same Mathematics paper regardless of whether they chose Physics or History.

Key Topics to Master:

  • Functions and derivatives, including monotonicity, extrema and inequality proofs
  • Sequences and series
  • Trigonometry and solving triangles
  • Analytic geometry: lines, circles and conic sections
  • Solid geometry and spatial vectors
  • Probability and statistics, including distributions and hypothesis-style reasoning
Foreign language
20% (150 of 750 marks)

120 minutes including listening. English is the default but candidates may choose Russian, Japanese, French, German or Spanish. Provinces differ on how listening is counted: Henan splits the 150 marks into 120 written and 30 listening and brings listening into the total from 2027, while Shanxi excludes listening from the total and passes it to universities for reference.

Key Topics to Master:

  • Listening comprehension, delivered by computer in Beijing and Guangdong
  • Reading comprehension across informational and narrative texts
  • Cloze and grammar in context
  • Writing tasks including applied and continuation writing
  • Vocabulary breadth across the syllabus word list
  • Speaking, where the province examines it, as in Beijing and Guangdong
First-choice subject: Physics or History
13.33% (100 of 750 marks)

75 minutes, set by the province, and counted at raw marks rather than converted. The choice also determines which cohort you are ranked against: provinces such as Shaanxi rank Physics candidates against Physics candidates and History candidates against History candidates, so the same total can produce different positions.

Key Topics to Master:

  • Physics: mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, optics and modern physics
  • Physics: experimental design, measurement and error analysis
  • History: Chinese and world history across the syllabus periods
  • History: source analysis and evidence-based argument
  • The programme restriction attached to the choice, since many science and engineering degrees require Physics
  • The ranking consequence, since first-choice subject determines the ranking pool
First re-selected subject
13.33% (100 of 750 marks)

75 minutes, set by the province, chosen from politics, geography, chemistry and biology. Raw marks are never published. Provincial authorities rank the cohort, split it into grades A to E at roughly 15, 35, 35, 13 and 2 percent, and map each grade proportionally onto 100 to 86, 85 to 71, 70 to 56, 55 to 41 and 40 to 30.

Key Topics to Master:

  • Chemistry: structure, reaction principles, organic chemistry and experiment
  • Biology: molecules and cells, heredity and evolution, homeostasis, ecology
  • Geography: physical processes, human geography, regional development
  • Politics: economics, political systems, philosophy and culture
  • Cohort awareness, since your converted mark depends on everyone else who chose that subject
  • The 30-mark floor, which changes the calculation on whether to attempt or abandon a hard paper
Second re-selected subject
13.33% (100 of 750 marks)

The second of the pair, on the same 75-minute, 100-mark, grade-converted basis. Some provinces convert the subject as a single pool without distinguishing first-choice stream or answer script language; Inner Mongolia states this explicitly.

Key Topics to Master:

  • The same four-subject menu as the first re-selected subject
  • Programme requirements published by universities, which often specify chemistry for medicine and related fields
  • Subject combination strategy, since the converted mark is relative rather than absolute
  • Score review rights, noting that Inner Mongolia provides only the converted mark for review, not the raw mark
  • Balancing an easy subject with a weak cohort against a hard subject with a strong one
  • Consistency of preparation across both re-selected subjects, since each carries the same 100 marks

Recommended Study Plan

Week 1: Fix the structure and the arithmetic of your own total
25
  • 1Write out your six subjects with their mark totals: 150, 150, 150, 100, 100, 100, and confirm which four are counted raw and which two are grade-converted.
  • 2Read your own province's examination authority notice for the current year, since timings, listening treatment and fees are set provincially.
  • 3Sit one full past paper in each of Chinese and Mathematics under real timing, 150 and 120 minutes.
  • 4Convert your practice totals into a position using last year's published one-point-one-rank table for your province rather than judging by the raw number.
  • 5Identify which single subject holds the largest mark gap between your current score and your target.
Week 2: Mathematics: functions, derivatives and sequences
30
  • 1Work functions and derivatives end to end: monotonicity, extrema, tangents and derivative-based inequality proofs.
  • 2Cover sequences and series, including recurrence and summation techniques.
  • 3Do 40 timed multiple-choice and fill-in items to build the speed the front of the paper demands.
  • 4Write full solution steps for every extended problem, since method marks are the difference between a 4 and an 8 on a long question.
  • 5Log every error as concept gap, computational slip or misread condition, and count how many marks each category cost.
Week 3: Mathematics: geometry and probability
30
  • 1Cover analytic geometry: lines, circles, ellipses, parabolas and hyperbolas.
  • 2Cover solid geometry with spatial vectors, and practise setting up coordinates quickly.
  • 3Cover probability and statistics, including distributions and expectation.
  • 4Sit a second full 120-minute Mathematics paper and check whether you reached the final extended question with time to work it.
  • 5Rework every extended question you abandoned, untimed, until the method is automatic.
Week 4: Chinese: reading and classical texts
28
  • 1Work modern text reading across both informational and literary passages, tracking how the mark scheme rewards evidence from the text.
  • 2Drill classical Chinese: translation, function words, and sentence parsing.
  • 3Revise required recitation passages to full accuracy, since these are the cheapest marks in the paper.
  • 4Practise poetry appreciation questions with a fixed structure so you are not inventing an approach under time pressure.
  • 5Time the reading sections so that the composition is always reached with at least 50 minutes remaining.
Week 5: Chinese: composition and language application
28
  • 1Write three full compositions to real prompts under timed conditions.
  • 2Build a bank of examples and arguments you can adapt rather than inventing material at the desk.
  • 3Drill language application: idioms, sentence correction, coherence and rhetoric.
  • 4Have a teacher mark at least one composition against the actual criteria rather than self-assessing.
  • 5Sit a full 150-minute Chinese paper and check the composition was written, not rushed.
Week 6: Foreign language: listening and the digital component
26
  • 1If you are in Beijing, prepare for the computer-delivered listening and speaking test specifically, since the 2026 sittings fell on 13 December 2025 and 21 March 2026 and the better of the two counts out of 50.
  • 2If you are in Guangdong, prepare for the March computer-based listening and speaking test, marked out of 60 raw and divided by three for the 20 marks that join the 130-mark written paper.
  • 3Practise on a computer with a headset and microphone rather than on paper, because the interface itself costs marks the first time you meet it.
  • 4Confirm from your province's notice whether listening counts into the total, as it will in Henan from 2027, or is passed to universities for reference, as in Shanxi.
  • 5Do 30 minutes of listening practice every day for the rest of the plan.
Week 7: Foreign language: reading, grammar and writing
26
  • 1Work reading comprehension across informational and narrative texts under timed conditions.
  • 2Drill cloze and grammar in context, which reward pattern recognition more than rule recitation.
  • 3Write applied and continuation writing tasks to the published length and format.
  • 4Build a vocabulary routine using spaced retrieval rather than list rereading.
  • 5Sit a full 120-minute foreign language paper including listening.
Week 8: First-choice subject: Physics or History
28
  • 1For Physics, cover mechanics and electromagnetism first, since they carry the extended calculation questions.
  • 2For Physics, drill experimental questions: apparatus, measurement, error sources and data handling.
  • 3For History, work through the syllabus periods systematically and build a timeline you can reproduce from memory.
  • 4For History, practise source analysis with attention to provenance, purpose and reliability.
  • 5Sit a full 75-minute paper and remember that this subject is counted at raw marks, so every mark is worth exactly one mark.
Week 9: Re-selected subject one
28
  • 1Cover the highest-yield blocks of your first re-selected subject from the provincial syllabus.
  • 2Study the grade conversion table until you can state it from memory: 15, 35, 35, 13 and 2 percent mapped onto 100 to 86, 85 to 71, 70 to 56, 55 to 41 and 40 to 30.
  • 3Understand that your converted mark is relative, so improving means beating other candidates in that subject rather than hitting an absolute raw score.
  • 4Sit a full 75-minute past paper under timed conditions.
  • 5Attempt every question, because the conversion floor is 30 and abandoning a paper cannot take you below it but leaving marks on the table can cost a grade band.
Week 10: Re-selected subject two
28
  • 1Cover the highest-yield blocks of your second re-selected subject on the same basis.
  • 2Check which universities and programmes you are targeting require a specific re-selected subject, since many medical and science programmes require chemistry.
  • 3Sit a full 75-minute past paper and mark it against the official scheme.
  • 4Compare your ranking in both re-selected subjects, since the weaker cohort may convert a lower raw mark into a higher grade band.
  • 5Rework every question you got wrong in both subjects.
Week 11: Full six-subject simulation
30
  • 1Run the full 615 minutes across three days in the real order and at the real times, not compressed into one weekend.
  • 2Mark every paper against the official scheme and convert the two re-selected subjects using the published grade bands.
  • 3Total your marks out of 750 and convert to a position using the most recent one-point-one-rank table for your province.
  • 4Compare that position to the batch admission control lines your province published last year.
  • 5List the three specific question types that cost the most marks across the whole simulation.
Week 12: Targeted repair
30
  • 1Take the three question types from week 11 and do ten examples of each from different years.
  • 2Rebuild the weakest single subject from the syllabus rather than from summary notes.
  • 3Redo every extended Mathematics question and every physics or history long question you failed twice.
  • 4Keep one untouched past paper per subject in reserve for the final week.
  • 5Re-check the conversion arithmetic on your two re-selected subjects so you know exactly what a grade band is worth in total marks.
Week 13: Second full simulation and logistics
28
  • 1Run a second full six-subject simulation and compare directly with week 11.
  • 2Confirm your examination centre, session times and admission documents against your province's notice.
  • 3Check that nothing you plan to carry is on the prohibited list, since the Ministry of Education upgraded smart security gates for 2026 specifically to detect phones and smart glasses.
  • 4If you are a candidate with a disability, confirm your accommodation is in place; the Ministry of Education provided reasonable accommodations for more than 14,000 candidates with disabilities in 2026 and produced braille papers for blind candidates.
  • 5Fix your sleep to the examination schedule, since Chinese starts on the morning of 7 June.
Week 14: Taper and retrieval
20
  • 1Sit the reserved untouched paper only for the two subjects with the largest remaining gap.
  • 2Switch to retrieval: recitation passages, formulae, timelines and reaction mechanisms from a blank page.
  • 3Read your error log end to end twice rather than starting anything new.
  • 4Rehearse the pacing rule of roughly 49 seconds per mark so it is automatic before the first paper.
  • 5Prepare documents and permitted materials the night before each paper and leave everything else at home.

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Best Study Resources

Your provincial education examination authority website

Official authority

The controlling source for everything that varies: subject timings, whether listening counts into the total, fees, registration windows, score review procedure and the published grade conversion method. Examples include the Shandong Provincial Education Admissions Examination Authority, the Hubei Provincial Education Examinations Authority, the Sichuan and Henan authorities, and the Guangdong Provincial Education Examinations Authority.

Free

Ministry of Education portal (moe.gov.cn)

Official authority

Publishes the national examination dates, registration totals and the annual security and service arrangements. The 2026 notice confirmed 12.9 million registrations, upgraded smart security gates, braille papers for blind candidates and accommodations for more than 14,000 candidates with disabilities.

Free

Yangguang Gaokao (gaokao.chsi.com.cn)

Official information platform

Run under the Ministry of Education's information system. Carries provincial policy explanations, including the grade conversion methodology, admission regulations and the annual results-release schedule by province.

Free

Official grade conversion policy documents

Official specification

Each province publishes its own conversion method for the re-selected subjects. Sichuan, Henan, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Guangxi and Hunan all publish the same structure: five grades at roughly 15, 35, 35, 13 and 2 percent mapped proportionally to 100 to 86, 85 to 71, 70 to 56, 55 to 41 and 40 to 30, with 30 as the floor.

Free

Provincial one-point-one-rank tables

Official data

Published alongside results in late June, these show how many candidates sit at each score. They convert a raw total into a province-wide position, which is the number universities and admission lines actually work from. Guangdong published separate tables for the History and Physics streams in 2026.

Free

Batch admission control lines

Official data

Released at the same time as results by each provincial authority. They set the floor for each admission batch and are the first filter on which universities are reachable.

Free

Past national and provincial papers

Practice material

National papers are set by the Ministry of Education and provincial selective-subject papers by the province, so you need both. Practise on the paper family your province actually uses rather than on a generic national set.

Free or low cost

Computer-based listening and speaking practice systems

Practice software

Essential in Beijing and Guangdong, where the listening and speaking test is delivered entirely on computer through headset, microphone, mouse and keyboard. The interface is a marks issue in its own right the first time a candidate meets it.

Varies

Provincial score review procedure

Official process

Provinces including Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Qinghai publish a formal score review route after results. Inner Mongolia notes that for politics, geography, chemistry and biology the review returns only the converted mark, because raw marks in those subjects are not published at all.

Set by province

University and programme subject requirements

Official admission documents

Universities publish which first-choice and re-selected subjects each programme requires. These are set years before you sit the exam and cannot be worked around afterwards, so they belong in the Year 10 subject-choice decision rather than the June results conversation.

Free

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Treating the two re-selected subjects as though they were marked out of 100 like the rest

They are not. Raw marks in politics, geography, chemistry and biology are never published. The province ranks the cohort, splits it into five grades at roughly 15, 35, 35, 13 and 2 percent, and maps each onto 100 to 86, 85 to 71, 70 to 56, 55 to 41 and 40 to 30. Your mark depends on how everyone else who chose that subject performed.

Choosing re-selected subjects by interest alone and ignoring the cohort

Because the conversion is relative, an easier subject with a strong cohort can convert a good raw mark into a mediocre grade band, and a harder subject with a weaker cohort can do the opposite. The choice is a ranking decision as much as an academic one, and it is locked in long before June.

Picking History over Physics without checking programme requirements

The first-choice subject determines which degree programmes will accept you and which cohort you are ranked against. Shaanxi ranks Physics candidates against Physics candidates and History candidates against History candidates, so the two streams are effectively separate competitions with separate admission lines.

Judging progress by the raw total out of 750

Admission is decided by position, not by score. Provinces publish a one-point-one-rank table alongside results precisely because the same total means different things in different years and different streams. Convert every practice total into a position before deciding whether you are on track.

Preparing for the English listening and speaking test on paper

In Beijing and Guangdong the test is delivered entirely on computer, answered through headset, microphone, mouse and keyboard. Beijing's is worth 50 marks and Guangdong's 20. A candidate meeting the interface for the first time on the day loses marks to mechanics rather than to English.

Missing the December sitting of Beijing's listening and speaking test

Beijing runs it twice per cycle and counts the better attempt. For the 2026 Gaokao the sittings were 13 December 2025 and 21 March 2026, and a candidate scoring full marks in the first is not scheduled for the second. Skipping the December sitting throws away a free second chance at 50 marks.

Assuming the listening component counts the same way everywhere

It does not. Henan splits the 150-mark foreign language into 120 written and 30 listening and brings listening into the total from 2027, while Shanxi excludes listening from the total and supplies it to universities for reference. Read your own province's notice rather than a national summary.

Leaving the Chinese composition until the last 20 minutes

The composition carries the largest single mark block in the 150-minute Chinese paper. Set a hard checkpoint in practice at 100 minutes and start writing whatever remains unfinished in the reading sections, because a truncated composition costs far more than two unfinished reading questions.

Abandoning a re-selected subject paper that is going badly

The conversion floor is 30 marks, but the floor only applies to the bottom 2 percent band. Every extra mark still moves you up the ranking, and because grade bands are wide, a handful of additional raw marks can shift you from one band to the next and change the converted score by several points.

Carrying a prohibited item through the security gate

The Ministry of Education said it upgraded smart security gates for 2026 specifically to raise detection rates for mobile phones and smart glasses, tightened entry screening standards, and expanded intelligent invigilation. Leave everything not explicitly permitted outside the centre.

Exam Day Tips

  • 1

    Arrive with time to clear security. The Ministry of Education upgraded smart security gates for 2026 to improve detection of mobile phones and smart glasses, and tightened entry screening standards at standardised centres.

  • 2

    Leave phones, smart glasses, smart watches and any communication device outside the centre. Detection is the point of the upgraded gates, and possession is what is being screened for.

  • 3

    Bring the documents your provincial notice specifies. Provinces verify identity at the centre and, in Hubei, the registration process already captured identity card data, photographs and face comparison, with iris data for arts and sports candidates.

  • 4

    Plan the Chinese paper around the composition. With 150 minutes and the largest single mark block in the composition, a checkpoint at 100 minutes is worth more than any last-minute revision.

  • 5

    Pace at roughly 49 seconds per mark. The whole examination is 615 minutes for 750 marks, which is the single most useful arithmetic you can carry in.

  • 6

    In the 75-minute selective subject papers, remember that Physics or History is counted raw while the two re-selected subjects are converted. The raw-marked paper rewards absolute accuracy; the converted papers reward beating the cohort.

  • 7

    Attempt everything in the re-selected subjects. There is no penalty for a wrong answer, and every additional raw mark improves your rank inside the conversion.

  • 8

    For the foreign language paper, know whether your province counts listening into the total before you decide how much of the paper's time to give it.

  • 9

    If you sit a computer-delivered listening and speaking test, check the headset and microphone during the setup window and speak at a steady volume, since automatic scoring is applied to the recording.

  • 10

    If you have an approved accommodation, confirm it is in place before the paper starts. The Ministry of Education produced braille papers for blind candidates in 2026 and provided reasonable accommodations for more than 14,000 candidates with disabilities.

  • 11

    Do not chase your own or anyone else's scores between papers. Marking runs to a fixed schedule and results are released province by province in late June, not paper by paper.

Career Paths & Salary Ranges

Information transmission, software and information technology services

The top-paying sector in the National Bureau of Statistics series. Entry runs through computer science, software engineering and related degrees, most of which require Physics as the first-choice subject and often chemistry or another science among the re-selected pair.

248,752 yuan average annual wage in urban non-private units in 2025, the highest of any sector (National Bureau of Statistics of China)

Finance

Second highest in the same series. Entry runs through economics, finance and mathematics degrees at universities whose admission lines sit well above the provincial batch control line.

211,164 yuan average annual wage in urban non-private units in 2025 (National Bureau of Statistics of China)

Employment in urban non-private units generally

The all-sector average for state-owned, collective and other non-private urban employers. This is the broad destination for graduates who enter public institutions, state enterprises and larger organisations.

129,441 yuan average annual wage in 2025, up 4.3 percent nominally on the previous year (National Bureau of Statistics of China)

Employment in above-scale enterprises

A separate National Bureau of Statistics series covering employees of enterprises above the designated size threshold, spanning management, technical and production roles.

106,080 yuan average annual wage in 2025 (National Bureau of Statistics of China)

Employment in urban private units

The private-sector average, roughly 55 percent of the non-private figure. The gap between this row and the 248,752 yuan technology row is the practical reason families treat the Gaokao as a decisive event.

71,590 yuan average annual wage in 2025 (National Bureau of Statistics of China)

Prerequisites & Requirements

  • Registration is provincial, opens in the autumn before the June examination, and requires meeting that province's residency and schooling conditions. Hubei, for example, requires household registration in the province, or for children of migrant workers, three years of continuous actual study at a Hubei upper secondary school plus proof of a parent's stable employment and residence.
  • Candidates must be graduates of an upper secondary school or a secondary vocational school, or hold equivalent standing certified by a municipal or higher education administrative department.
  • Students currently enrolled in a higher education programme, or already admitted with a place held open, may not register.
  • Non-final-year upper secondary students may not register, except for approved young talent programme candidates.
  • Anyone within a suspension period imposed for violating national education examination rules may not register.
  • Registration and examination fees are payable online at registration and vary by province: 155 yuan in Shandong for the three national subjects with selective subjects free, 35 yuan per subject in Hubei, and 150 yuan flat in Heilongjiang. Hubei halves the fee for final-year students receiving national student grants.
  • In provinces using 3+1+2, subject selection is made at registration and cannot be changed afterwards. Shandong states explicitly that selective subjects may not be altered once the selection window closes.
  • In Shandong, a final-year upper secondary candidate must have passed the qualifying-level school examination in each subject chosen for the selective examination; subjects not passed at qualifying level cannot be selected.
  • Candidates with disabilities must declare their disability certificate number, type and grade at registration to receive reasonable accommodations.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many marks is the Gaokao out of and how are they split?

750 marks in provinces using the 3+1+2 model. Chinese, Mathematics and the foreign language carry 150 marks each, set nationally by the Ministry of Education. The first-choice subject, Physics or History, carries 100 marks. Each of the two re-selected subjects, chosen from politics, geography, chemistry and biology, carries 100 marks. Selective subject papers are set by the province rather than nationally.

How long is each paper?

Chinese runs 150 minutes, Mathematics 120 minutes, and the foreign language 120 minutes including listening. Each of the three selective subjects runs 75 minutes. That is 615 minutes of examination in total, spread over three or four days beginning 7 June depending on the province.

What is the passing score?

There is not one. Provinces publish batch admission control lines after marking, and each university and each programme sets its own admission line above that. What matters is your position on the province-wide one-point-one-rank table, published alongside results, which shows how many candidates share or beat your total.

How does the grade conversion work for re-selected subjects?

Raw marks in politics, geography, chemistry and biology are never published. The province ranks every candidate in that subject from high to low, divides them into five grades A to E at roughly 15, 35, 35, 13 and 2 percent, then maps the raw marks within each grade proportionally onto 100 to 86, 85 to 71, 70 to 56, 55 to 41 and 40 to 30. The floor is 30, not zero. Sichuan, Henan, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Guangxi and Hunan all publish this same structure.

Why are only two subjects converted?

Because those four subjects are optional, so different candidates sit different papers with different difficulty. Chinese, Mathematics, the foreign language and the first-choice Physics or History paper are counted at raw marks. Converting the optional pair makes a chemistry mark and a geography mark comparable when they come from different papers and different cohorts.

How much does the Gaokao cost?

It is set province by province and it is low. Shandong charged 155 yuan in 2026 for the three nationally set subjects, with the provincial selective subject papers free of charge. Hubei charged 35 yuan per subject across the national and selective papers, plus 50 yuan for the separate English oral grade three test. Heilongjiang charged a flat 150 yuan registration and examination fee, with a further 135 yuan for candidates taking the sports specialism tests. Hubei halves the fee for final-year students receiving national student grants.

When do results come out?

Late June, province by province. In 2026 Shanghai released on 23 June, Guangdong on 24 June, and Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi and Shandong on 25 June. Provinces publish the batch admission control lines and the one-point-one-rank table at the same time, which is when candidates can start choosing universities realistically.

Can I retake the Gaokao?

Yes. The examination runs once a year, so the wait is a full year, and past-year candidates register as such through their provincial authority. There is no national cap on attempts. You cannot register if you are already enrolled in a higher education programme, if you hold a place being kept open for you, if you are a non-final-year upper secondary student, or if you are inside a suspension period imposed for violating national examination rules.

Does my score carry forward to next year?

No. Shanxi states directly that examination results are valid only for the year in which they are taken. A retake replaces the previous attempt entirely for admission purposes; there is no banking a strong subject from an earlier year.

What does a retake cost?

The full provincial registration and examination fee again, on the same schedule as any other candidate. There is no reduced rate for repeat candidates. The larger cost is the year itself, since preparation for a retake normally occupies a full additional school year.

What are the digital components of the Gaokao?

The English listening and speaking tests in Beijing and Guangdong, both delivered on computer and both sat before the June papers. Beijing's runs twice per cycle, on 13 December 2025 and 21 March 2026 for the 2026 Gaokao, is marked out of 50, and counts the better of the two attempts alongside the written paper. Guangdong's has been computer-based since 2011, is sat in March, is marked out of 60 raw and divided by three to give 20 marks, and joins a 130-mark written paper. Guangdong released its 2026 listening and speaking results on 13 April.

Can I skip the second Beijing listening and speaking sitting?

Yes, and in one case you must. Beijing does not schedule a second sitting for candidates who scored full marks the first time, and candidates who did not score full marks may apply to their registration unit to skip the second sitting. Otherwise the better of the two results is the one that counts.

What identification and what security do I face at the centre?

Identity is verified against the data captured at registration. Hubei's process reads the identity card at an on-site confirmation stage, photographs the candidate and runs face comparison against the identity card image, with iris data additionally collected from arts and sports candidates. On examination day, the Ministry of Education said it upgraded smart security gates for 2026 to raise detection rates for mobile phones and smart glasses, tightened entry screening standards, and expanded intelligent invigilation and inspection.

What accommodations exist for candidates with disabilities?

Candidates declare their disability certificate number, type and grade at registration, and provinces apply the Ministry of Education and China Disabled Persons Federation regulations on candidates with disabilities taking the national unified examination. For the 2026 Gaokao the Ministry of Education reported producing braille papers for blind candidates and providing reasonable accommodations for more than 14,000 candidates with disabilities.

Can I ask for my paper to be re-marked?

Provinces run a score review procedure rather than a re-mark. Sichuan, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and Qinghai all publish one, with fixed application windows after results. Inner Mongolia notes an important limit: for politics, geography, chemistry and biology the review returns only the converted grade mark, because the raw mark is never published in the first place.

Are calculators or reference material allowed?

No. The Gaokao is sat without calculators or reference material, and the prohibited-items screening at entry is designed around electronic devices. Mathematics and the sciences are written to be answerable by hand, which is why arithmetic accuracy under time pressure is a scoring skill in its own right.

How many people sit it and what are my odds?

The Ministry of Education recorded 12.9 million registrations for 2026, down 450,000 on 2025. Odds are not a single national number: admission depends on your province, your first-choice subject stream, and the batch control lines your province sets that year. Shaanxi, for example, ranks Physics candidates and History candidates in separate pools, so the two streams face different competition even within one province.

Does everyone sit the same papers?

No. Chinese, Mathematics and the foreign language are set nationally by the Ministry of Education, so those are common. The three selective subject papers are set by each province, which is why timings are matched nationally but content and difficulty are provincial. Provinces also differ on foreign language listening: Henan counts listening into the 150-mark total from 2027 while Shanxi excludes it and passes it to universities for reference.

How is the Gaokao different from the Zhongkao?

The Zhongkao is the senior high school entrance examination taken at the end of junior secondary school and administered locally, deciding which upper secondary school a student attends. The Gaokao is the university entrance examination taken at the end of upper secondary school, with the core papers set nationally and admission run through provincial batch lines. Both have computer-delivered English listening and speaking components in Beijing, which is why the two are sometimes announced together.

Can I choose my subject combination freely?

Within limits, and the limits bite. You must take exactly one of Physics and History and exactly two of politics, geography, chemistry and biology, no more and no fewer. Universities publish subject requirements per programme, and many science, engineering and medical programmes require Physics as the first choice and chemistry among the pair. Once the selection window closes the combination is fixed: Shandong states that selective subjects cannot be changed after selection ends.

Success Stories

三年磨一剑 (Three years to sharpen one sword). Start early, build foundations strong. I reviewed error notebooks daily and did at least 3 mock exams monthly in Grade 12.

Wei L.

Tsinghua University Student

Score: 695/750

The Chinese essay made the difference for me. I prepared flexible examples that could adapt to different prompts. Don't neglect humanities subjects even on the science track.

Xiaoming Z.

Fudan University Student

Score: 672/750

Mental state is crucial. I learned to treat each exam section as independent - don't let one bad section affect the others. Practice under exam conditions regularly.

Jiaying C.

Zhejiang University Student

Score: 680/750
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